Knowledge of Trucks

I. Definition and Classification of Trucks
A truck is a motor vehicle primarily designed for transporting goods. It is widely used in various industries such as logistics, construction, manufacturing, and agriculture. Based on its purpose and structure, trucks are mainly classified into:
Light-duty trucks (with a load capacity of ≤ 6 tons): such as pickups, city delivery vans.
Medium-sized trucks (6-14 tons): Mostly used for urban delivery or short-distance transportation.
Heavy-duty trucks (>14 tons): Used for long-distance logistics, bulk transportation, mining or construction projects.
According to the body structure, it can be further divided into:
Dump truck (common in engineering transportation)
Box-type truck (for enclosed transportation)
Tractor truck / semi-trailer (the main force for long-distance freight transportation)
Special-purpose vehicles such as refrigerated trucks, tank trucks, and flatbed trucks
II. Key Components of Trucks
Engine System
Traditional trucks typically use diesel engines, which are favored for their high torque and excellent fuel efficiency. Major brands include Cummins, Weichai, and Yuchai, among others.
Transmission
Mostly manual transmissions. In recent years, the application of AMT (Automatic Mechanical Transmission) has increased, enhancing operational convenience and economy.
Chassis system
It includes the axle, frame, suspension, wheels, etc., which affect the load-bearing capacity and stability. Common drive forms include 4x2, 6x4, 8x4, etc.
Braking system
Trucks usually adopt pneumatic braking (air brakes) combined with safety systems such as ABS. Heavy trucks often also have retarders (hydraulic or eddy current) to reduce the risk on long slopes.
Cab
The cab is becoming increasingly comfortable, equipped with features such as air conditioning, air suspension seats, and in-vehicle navigation, enhancing the driver's experience.
III. Operation and Usage Scenarios
Long-haul logistics: Mainly consists of heavy trucks and semi-trailers, used for inter-provincial or long-distance freight transportation.
City delivery transportation: Light trucks and medium trucks deliver daily necessities, food, fresh produce, etc. within the city.
Engineering transportation: Dump trucks and specialized vehicles are used in mining areas and construction sites.
Specialized transportation: Such as oil tankers, refrigerated trucks, bulk cement trucks, etc., meeting the specific needs of certain industries.